The scale was devised in 1805 by the Irish hydrographer Francis Beaufort (later Rear Admiral), a Royal Navy officer, while serving on HMS Woolwich.
#SEA BREEZE WIND FULL#
Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale. The Beaufort scale / ˈ b oʊ f ər t/ is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Once the sand becomes colder than the ocean, the air flow pattern reverses.A ship in a force 12 (" hurricane-force") storm at sea, the highest rated on the Beaufort scale During the night, this sea breeze turns into a land breeze, as after sunset, the sand will cool down much faster than the water due to its lower heat capacity. Higher temperature gradients lead to stronger winds. The strength of the sea breeze depends on the difference in temperature between the land and ocean. The outcome of this air flow is the cool breeze that blows from the ocean towards the beach.
In an attempt to balance the pressures in both areas, the air from the high-pressure zone (the ocean) will rush to the low-pressure zone (the beach) and replaces the rising air. The difference in air pressures above the beach and the ocean is what causes the air movement that we perceive as wind. This leads to the air becoming more dense and a local high air pressure zone. Above the ocean, the air cools down due to the colder temperatures of the ocean water. Warm air rises, causing low air pressure, while cold, dense air results in high air pressure. The expanding air results in a decrease in air pressure (how much pressure the air exerts on Earth's surface at a certain location). As the air heats up, it becomes less dense and rises. The air above the beach warms up because of the hot sand. But what do water and sand temperatures have to do with wind? Beach sand, on the other hand, has a lower heat capacity and heats up pretty quickly in the sun, which you might have noticed when walking on the sand barefoot. Water has a high heat capacity, which means it takes a lot of heat to increase its temperature. While surfaces with a low heat capacity will heat and cool quickly, those with a high heat capacity take much longer to do so. This is because different materials have different heat capacities. Not every surface heats up the same way: some surfaces take longer to warm, whereas others get hot right away. But have you ever thought about what makes the air move? It all starts with the sun heating up Earth's surface. If you were asked to describe wind, you might say that it is the movement of air from one place to another. In this case, the sand is cooler than the water in the ocean, which reverses the air flow due to the changes in air pressure above the sand and the ocean. In the last experiment, you created a land breeze from the sand to the water, which happens at night when the air flows from the beach to the ocean.
The air above the sand and the water have the same air pressure, which is why you shouldn't have seen the smoke move into a particular direction unless you had an external air flow. If you remove the temperature difference, as you did in your second experiment, no air flow will be created. To balance out the air pressure differences, the air moves from the high air pressure zone (the water dish) to the low air pressure zone (the sand dish) and the smoke is carried along with it.
Above the cold-water dish, the air cools down and becomes more dense, leading to a local high air pressure zone. The air above the hot sand heats up and starts to rise as it becomes less dense, creating a local low air pressure zone. This air flow is caused by the temperature differences between the sand and water. When the sand is much warmer than the water, you should have seen the smoke of the incense stick steadily flow from the water to the sand dish. You heated the sand on the stove like the sun heats the sand at the beach. What Happened?Ĭan you see how you created a little beach model? The dish with sand represented the beach, and the dish with water represented the ocean. Make sure to extinguish the incense stick and clean out your baking dishes with warm water and soap.
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